A former professor at the Universities of Paris I and Paris VIII, François-Xavier Merrien is an honorary professor at the University of Lausanne. He is the author of L’Etat providence, Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, coll Que-Sais-Je (1st edition, 1997); L’Etat social. Une perspective international (with R. Parchet and A. Kernen), Armand Colin, coll U, Political Science (2005); L’Etat providence : Origines et devenir (ebook Kindle and Kobo, forthcoming). He is currently conducting a field study on the recipients of minimum social benefits in a rural area.